Venera 12

Russia

Spacecraft n°:

Russia satellite n°:

Launch data:

Designation	11025 / 78086A
Launch date	14 Sep 1978 - 02:25:13 UT
Launch site	B, LC-81/24
Launch vehicle	Proton-K/D-1 8K82K (#296-02/11S824M)
Mission	Venus lander
Satellite type	4V-1 N° 361
Heliocentric (Solar) orbit
Perihelion / Aphelion	0.69 x 1.01 A.U.
Eccentricity	0.19
Inclination	2.3? deg
Period	284 days

Spacecraft data:

Prime contractor	Lavochkin?
Operator
Platform
Mass at launch	kg
Dry Mass	2380? kg (empty)
Basic shape	Cylinder + 2 panels
Dimension	2.3 dia - 2.7 long - 5.7 span
Solar array
Stabilization
DC power
Design lifetime	Indefinite

Mission details:

Passed 35000 km from Venus on Dec 25, 1978.
Venus 12 lander (12028 / 78086C) soft landed Dec 21, 1978 on Venus.
Observed Comet Bradfield on Feb 13, 1980 at 190 373 790 km from Earth.

Ref.: #1, #7, #206 - update: 13.07.08